BODHI SPECTRUM
Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN - Applied
Frequency: Quarterly
Subject: Multidisciplinary
Language: English
Starting Year: 2026
Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Research
ISSN - Applied
Frequency: Quarterly
Subject: Multidisciplinary
Language: English
Starting Year: 2026
July – September 2026
We are pleased to present the inaugural issue of BODHI SPECTRUM: Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. This issue brings together high-quality multidisciplinary research from scholars across different academic disciplines.
The topic titled from deterrence to forward deterrence examine the evolution and practice of classical deterrence to forward deterrence and its implications for security wargaming between Iran, Israel and the USA are examined in detail. This paper primarily focuses on the geopolitical significance of, classical deterrence theory and its implications in the war front. The paper is divided into four thematic stages: First, it incorporates an inquiry on the theory of deterrence and forward deterrence, and its lineage as well as its application to the strategic triangle of Iran – Israel – US are mapped. Second, it embeds wargaming in the deterrence enterprise, and illustrates how simulation-based exercises serve as tools for strategic signalling, doctrine-evolution and managing escalation. Third, by performing a thorough comparative study of the various kinds of military, cyber, and economics and proxy warfare used by Iran, Israel, and the United States in their strategic competition, it reveals specific strategic aspects of Iran's policy making regarding these tools and methods. Finally, it integrates all the aspects and extrapolates possible trends of trilateral confrontation. The ultimate argument of the paper is that the operational logic of all three was fixed as one of forward deterrence, which now essentially defines the wargaming practice and the fundamental nature of regional stability
Digital governance initiatives are increasingly promoted as instruments for administrative efficiency, transparency, and state capacity-building. In India, the Digital India programme represents one of the most ambitious experiments in large-scale digital governance undertaken by a constitutional democracy. While the initiative promises improved service delivery and technological inclusion, it simultaneously raises profound concerns regarding civil liberties, privacy, surveillance, algorithmic exclusion, and democratic accountability. This paper offers a critical, liberty-centered analysis of Digital India, asking how the expansion of digital governance reshapes the relationship between the state and the individual within a constitutional and international human rights framework. Drawing on digital rights theory, surveillance studies, constitutional jurisprudence, and comparative governance literature, the study employs a qualitative doctrinal and comparative methodology. It argues that Digital India has institutionalized data centralization and algorithmic decision-making in ways that risk normalizing surveillance, entrenching exclusion, and weakening safeguards for individual freedom, particularly for marginalized populations. Situating India within a comparative international framework, the paper contrasts its approach with rights-based digital governance in the European Union, techno-authoritarian models in China, and biometric welfare regimes in Kenya. The analysis demonstrates that India’s digital transformation reflects a broader global tension between digital sovereignty and transnational rights regimes. The paper concludes that without robust legal protections, transparency mechanisms, and democratic oversight, digital governance may erode the very liberties it purports to advance.
Regionalism has remained a significant feature of Indian politics since independence, reflecting the country’s linguistic, ethnic, cultural and territorial diversity. However, its nature has undergone a substantial transformation in recent decades. This paper examines the changing character of regionalism in contemporary India, arguing that it has evolved from a predominantly identity-based phenomenon into a more governance- and development-oriented form of political mobilisation. Influenced by economic liberalisation, the rise of regional parties, and evolving federal arrangements, regional aspirations are increasingly articulated through demands for fiscal autonomy, equitable resource distribution, developmental opportunities and greater participation in national decision-making. The paper analyses the implications of this transformation for Indian federalism, Centre–State relations and democratic governance. It also highlights key challenges, including regional disparities, fiscal conflicts, identity-based mobilisation, resource disputes and migration-related tensions. The study concludes that accommodating regional aspirations remains essential for strengthening democratic participation, federal stability and national integration in India.
India is one of the largest producers of fruits in the world, playing an important role in providing nutritional security, ensuring rural livelihoods and agricultural exports. Discriminate use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in intensive cultivation systems, however, has led to serious concerns over soil degradation and pollution, loss of biodiversity and food security. In this respect, organic horticulture has gained momentum as an alternative which is eco-compatible and sustainable to improve fruit crop productivity, playing a significant role in preserving ecological balance and long-term fertility of the soil. This current study discusses different organic practices employed in the production of fruits throughout India and its effect in enhance the productivity, fruit quality and sustainability. The study was carried out from 2022 to 2024 by using field based comparative analysis method and efforts were made with 150 fruit growers in major horticultural producing areas of India. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis and Benefit-Cost Ratio estimation were done to assess productivity and sustainability indicators as well as soil fertility under organic and conventional farming practices. The effects of major organic interventions like farmyard manure, vermicompost, green manuring, biofertilisers, biopesticides, mulching, crop diversification, and integrated nutrient management on plant growth, crop production, soil properties and pest management are discussed. This study also points to the economic and environmental advantages of organic fruit farming such as lower need for chemical use; better market prices; higher exports potential; and adaptation to climate variability and vulnerability. Low initial yields, certification requirements, lack of awareness and poor market conditions are other challenges analysed critically. The results indicate that with scientific practices combined with policy support, farmer education and extension, and efficient value chains, organic methods can significantly enhance productivity of fruit crops. Enhancement of research and extension, strengthening organic packages for the states and creating awareness for sustainable utilization of resources are critical for future development of organic fruit farming in India. The outcomes indicated that the fruit productivity was 8-16% more in organic system than in conventional system and also it had enhanced soil organic carbon by 61.54% and water-use efficiency by 25.8% when compared to conventional system. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that organic horticulture can be a viable option for a sustainable food production and environmental protection in Indian agriculture.
As climate change has intensified, migration has increased, pushing millions of people off their land due to rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and environmental degradation. This study examines the intricate relationship between climate change and migration, analysing the key drivers of climate-induced displacement. Although a number of countries recognise the climate migration crisis as one of the most important global challenges, current governance frameworks and policies are not yet adequate to deal with it. International treaties such as the Paris Accord recognise adaptation and resiliency, but they do not include concrete steps to safeguard the rights of climate migrants. The study calls for a more rights-based perspective on climate migration, urging proactive adaptation measures, the incorporation of climate resilience into urban planning, and greater international cooperation to promote equitable access to resources. The paper aims to bridge the gap between understanding the climate-migration nexus and effective solutions by providing empirical evidence alongside actionable policy recommendations. It recommends taking transformative action at the national and international levels to protect displaced people and build resilience in vulnerable areas.
BODHI SPECTRUM: Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. Volume 1, Issue 1, July – September 2026.